Kontekstualne i stavovske determinante odnosa prema imigrantima: Bezbednosne implikacije
Ključne reči:
stavovi prema imigrantima, socijalni stavovi, ekonomska sigurnost, multietničnostApstrakt
Pitanja imigranata i odnosa prema njima poslednjih godina se aktuelizuju usled velikog broja imigranata sa Bliskog istoka i Afrike na putu ka zemljama Evropske unije. Odnos prema imigrantima građana Srbije, ali i drugih zemalja u Evropi, varira od prihvatanja do izrazito negativnih stavova i nasilnog ponašanja prema njima. Takvo stanje indikuje da je pitanje stavova građana Srbije prema imigrantima važno i sa stanovišta bezbednosti. Upravo stoga, ovo istraživanje usmereno je na utvrđivanje determinanti stavova građana Srbije prema imigrantima. Ispitivane su determinante sa kontekstualnog nivoa, pre svega ekonomska sigurnost i život u multietničkoj sredini, kao i sa individualnog: orijentacija na društvenu dominaciju, desničarska autoritarnost, nacionalizam i religioznost. Istraživanje je realizovano na prigodnom uzorku od 540 ispitanika iz opšte populacije Srbije, a podaci su prikupljeni on-line. Rezultati su pokazali da ekonomska sigurnost nema direktan efekat na prosocijalni odnos prema imigrantima, dok multietničnost sredine, suprotno očekivanjima, ima negativan efekat. U skladu sa ranijim istraživanjima, stavovske dimenzije takođe imaju negativan efekat, pre svega orijentacija na socijalnu dominaciju, ali i nacionalizam i religioznost. Posebno je važno istaći da su detektovane i dve značajne interakcije. One pokazuju da, za razliku od pojedinaca koji nisu ni religiozni ni nacionalistički orijentisani, oni koji su religiozniji i sa izraženijim nacionalističkim stavovima ispoljavaju negativnije stavove prema imigrantima ukoliko potiču iz multietničkih sredina. Ovi nalazi su u skladu sa hipotezom o kulturološkoj pretnji.
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