Defectology, Disability, and Scientific Change: A Historical-thematic Overview of Special Education and Rehabilitation in Serbia (1918–2000)

Milena Milićević

doi:10.47152/ziksi2025035

Autori

Milena Milićević Institut za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja, Beograd, Srbija https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8344-5504

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47152/ziksi2025035

Ključne reči:

specijalna edukacija, rehabilitacija, istorija ometenosti, defektologija, Prvi svetski rat, invaliditet

Apstrakt

Ovaj članak istražuje istorijski razvoj defektologije, danas poznate kao specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija, tokom proteklog veka. Kroz konvencionalnu analizu sadržaja istorijskih dokumenata, naučne literature i naučnih publikacija, identifikuju se ključne prekretnice i kontekstualne promene u razvoju ove naučne i stručne oblasti. Posebna pažnja posvećena je prelasku sa medicinskog modela usmerenog na deficite ka biopsihosocijalnom modelu, koji je predstavljen usvajanjem Međunarodne klasifikacije funkcionisanja, ometenosti i zdravlja (MKF) 2001. godine. Analiza obuhvata i promene u terminologiji i istraživačkom fokusu. Nalazi pokazuju da je oblast ostvarila značajan napredak, ali da se i dalje suočava sa brojnim izazovima, kao što su konceptualne nejasnoće, razdvajanje obrazovnih i rehabilitacionih pristupa i potreba za snažnijom integracijom u savremene naučne i političke okvire. Zaključuje se da je razumevanje istorijske putanje specijalne edukacije i rehabilitacije od suštinskog značaja za razvoj inkluzivnije i odgovornije prakse danas.

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