Socijalni stavovi kao medijator odnosa između ličnosti i militantno-ekstremističkog mentalnog sklopa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47152/ziksi201502254Ključne reči:
militantno-ekstremistički mentalni sklop, mračne crte, šizotipija, socijalni stavovi, konzervativizamApstrakt
Militantno-ekstremistički mentalni sklop (Militant Extremist Mind Set – MEMS) predstavlja obrazac mišljenja distinktivan za ideološke ekstremiste i teroriste. Međutim, prethodna istraživanja su pokazala da i pripadnici opšte populacije pokazuju karakteristike ovog mentalnog sklopa u određenoj meri. MEMS je operacionalizovan preko tri faktora: Apologije nasilja, Zlog sveta i Svetog cilja. Prethodni podaci pokazali su da faktori MEMSa povezani sa šizotipijom, psihopatijom i sadizmom. Takođe, MEMS korelira sa konzervativnim stavovima, osim Zlog sveta koji se delimično zasniva i na liberalnim uverenjima. Pošto se crte ličnosti formiraju rano u ontogenezi, dok se stavovi razvijaju u ranom odraslom dobu, u ovom istraživanju je testirana hipoteza da stavovi predstavljaju medijator uticaja crta ličnosti na ekstremistički način mišljenja.
U istraživanju je učestvovao 541 ispitanik (72% ispitanika ženskog pola). Oni su popunili sledeće mere: 1) SD3 skalu koja ispituje psihopatiju, Makijavelizam i narcisoidnost; 2) SSIS, kratku skalu sadizma; 3) DELTA 10, upitnik za ispitivanje šizotipalnih doživljaja; 4) SDI-46, skalu za ispitivanje socijalnih stavova i 5) MEMS-24, upitnik koji meri tri faktora MEMSa. Rezultati su potvrdili prethodne nalaze vezane za ličnost, stavove i MEMS. Sadizam je važan prediktor Apologije nasilja, Makijavelizam predviđa Zli svet dok šizotipija objašnjava Sveti cilj. Apologija nasilja je povezana sa stavovima koji karakterišu konzervativnu ideologiju, Zli svet se zasniva na povišenoj religioznosti ali i egalitarizmu, dok je Sveti cilj distinktivno vezan za religioznost. Testiran je i strukturalni model gde su crte ličnosti postavljene kao egzogene, stavovi kao medijatorske a faktori MEMSa kao endogene varijable. Model je na zadovoljavajući način opisivao empirijske podatke. Takođe, model je pokazao složeni obrazac veza između ispitivanih konstrukata: veze između Makijavelizma i militantnog ekstremizma nisu posredovane stavovima; nasuprot tome uticaj narcizma na MEMS je potpuno posredovan stavovima dok kod odnosa između ostale tri crte i MEMSa postoji delimična medijacija od strane stavova. Rezultati su omogućili detaljan opis ličnosnih i stavovskih karakteristika koje olakšavaju prihvatanje uverenja karakterističnih za militantne ekstremiste. Oni mogu pomoći istraživačima i praktičarima da detektuju i preveniraju razvoj mentalnog sklopa koji doprinosi nastanku ideološki motivisanog nasilja.
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