Konstrukcija „neprijatelja“ krivičnim pravom: Feindstrafrecht i suzbijanje Taga u kolonijalnoj Indiji (1836–1848)

Milan Lipovac

doi:10.47152/ziksi2026021

Autori

Milan Lipovac Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet bezbednosti, Beograd, Srbija https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5051-3889

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47152/ziksi2026021

Ključne reči:

Feindstrafrecht, Tage, Istočnoindijska kompanija, kolonijalno zakonodavstvo, kriminalizacija u predpolju, borbeno zakonodavstvo, ograničenje procesnih garancija, konstrukcija “neprijatelja“

Apstrakt

Predmet ovog rada je analiza zakona o suzbijanju Taga (i Dakoita), koje je Istočnoindijska kompanija usvojila u periodu od 1836. do 1848. godine, kroz prizmu savremenog teorijskog koncepta Feindstrafrecht (neprijateljsko krivično pravo) nemačkog pravnog teoretičara Gintera Jakobsa. Polazeći od toga da se u literaturi ovaj koncept isključivo primenjuje u analizi savremenih fenomena, pre svega terorizma i zakonodavstva čija je svrha (ili opravdanje) vođenje „rata protiv terorizma“, rad je usmeren na utvrđivanje u kojoj meri se kriminalizacija u predpolju, nepostojanje srazmernosti između kazne i krivice učinioca, borbeno zakonodavstvo, i ograničenje procesnih garancija, kao ključne karakteristike Feindstrafrecht, mogu prepoznati u kolonijalnom zakonodavstvu 19. veka. Analiza jedanaest zakona pokazuje da su sve četiri karakteristike prisutne, i to na način koji ukazuje da savremeni mehanizmi kontrole imaju duboke istorijske korene u kolonijalnoj praksi. Time se relativizuje teza da je savremene teorijske koncepte u krivičnom pravu i kriminologiji moguće primenjivati isključivo u analizi aktuelnih pojava i procesa, otvarajući mogućnost povlačenja istorijskih paralela. Rad bi se time mogao uklopiti u kritičke pristupe u krivičnom pravu i kriminologiji, a potencijalno i šire u proučavanju bezbednosti, doprinoseći boljem razumevanju odnosa između moći definisanja, odnosno konstruisanja „neprijatelja“ u širokom istorijskom kontekstu.

Reference

Act III Title or description: An Act for removing doubts as to the meaning of the words „Thug“ and „Thuggee“ and the expression „Murder by Thuggee“ when used in the Acts of the Council of India. Date of Enactment: February 26th 1848; Presiding Governor: Marquess Dalhousie. (1848).

Act V An Act to facilitate the execution of the sentences of Courts established by the authority of the Governor-General in Council for the administration of Criminal Justice in States or Territories administered by Officers acting under the authority of the East India Company. Date of Enactment: April 10th, 1847; Presiding Governor: Lord Henry Hardinge. (1847).

Act X Title or description: An Act for amending Act XXX. of 1836 relating to the trial and punishment of Thugs. Date of Enactment: June 19th 1847; Presiding Governor: Lord Hardinge. (1847).

Act XI An Act for the punishment of wandering Gangs of Thieves and Robbers. Date of Enactment: May 20th 1848; Presiding Governor: Marquess Dalhousie. (1848).

Act XIV An Act for regulating the proceedings of the Sudder Courts of Ft. William, Ft. St. George, Bombay, and at Agra in regard to sentences of Transportation for Life. Date of Enactment: July 6th, 1844; Presiding Governor: Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough. (1844).

Act XIX No person incompetent as a witness by reason of conviction for any offences. Date of Enactment: August 7th 1837; Presiding Governor: Lord Auckland. (1837).

Act XVIII An Act for the better custody of persons convicted of Thuggee and Dacoity. Date of Enactment: September 9th, 1843; Presiding Governor: Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough. (1843).

Act XVIII Provides for a trial of persons accused of murder by Thuggee. Date of Enactment: July 15th, 1839; Presiding Governor: Lord Auckland. (1839).

Act XVIII Provides for the trial of persons charged with Thuggee. Date of Enactment: August 7th 1837; Presiding Governor: Lord Auckland. (1837).

Act XXIV An Act for the better prevention of the crime of Dacoity. Date of Enactment: November 18th, 1843; Presiding Governor: Edward Law, 1st Earl of Ellenborough. (1843).

Act XXX Provides for the trial and punishment of Thugs. Date of Enactment: November 14th, 1836; Presiding Governor: Lord Auckland. (1836).

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