Emocionalni procesi kod maloletnih delinkvenata
Kriminološke implikacije
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47152/ziksi2024014Ključne reči:
maloletnička delinkvencija, emocije, emocionalna inteligencija, psihopatija, egzekutivne funkcijeApstrakt
Maloletnička delinkvencija predstavlja ozbiljan društveni problem, a ovaj rad se bavi emocionalnim aspektima koji su s njom u vezi. Procenjuje se da maloletnička delinkvencija činu 7% ukupnih kriminalnih dela u svetu, s ozbiljnim društvenim posledicama. Delinkventi često dolaze iz disfunkcionalnih porodica, zloupotrebljavaju psihoaktivne supstance i imaju psihijatrijske poremećaje, što ukazuje na kompleksnost ovog problema. Fokus rada je na emocionalnim procesima u osnovi prestupništva, pa se najpre obrađuje koncept emocionalne inteligencije (EI). Istraživanja ukazuju na vezu između niske EI i maloletničke delinkvencije, naglašavajući ulogu prepoznavanja emocija i emocionalne regulacije (ER) u tom kontekstu. Različiti oblici delinkvencije mogu biti povezani s različitim aspektima ER, od impulsivnosti do problema fokusa na akciju. U radu se razmatra i psihopatija kao izražena karakteristika ličnosti tesno povezana s maloletničkom delinkvencijom, te emocije koje psihopatiju odlikuju. Karakteristike poput manipulativnosti, niskog nivoa empatije i impulsivnosti često su prisutni kod maloletnika sa psihopatskim crtama. Poseban fokus stavlja se na Bezosećajno-nemocionalne osobine (eng. Callous-Unemotional traits), kao model koji se primenjuje za opis psihopatskih tendencija kod dece i adolescenata. Veza između emocija i kognicije u kontekstu maloletničke delinkvencije je predočena kroz nalaze koji govore o dve dimenzije empatije: afektivne i kognitivne, kao i kroz ulogu egzekutivnih funkcija u delinkventim ponašanjima. Na kraju se podvlači značaj istraživanja koja tragaju za objašnjenjem spone između emocija i kognicije, posebno u kontekstu razumevanja ličnostih karakteristika odgovornih za ovakva ponašanja, poput psihopatije.
Reference
Bacon, A. M., Burak, H., & Rann, J. (2014). Sex differences in the relationship between sensation seeking, trait emotional intelligence and delinquent behavior. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 25(6), 673–683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2014.943796
Badayai, A. R. A., Khairudin, R., & Sulaiman, W. S. W. (2019). Inhibitory and emotional control deficits as predictors of symptoms of problem behaviors among juvenile delinquents. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8, 16–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.B1003.0982S1019
Best, J. R., Miller, P. H., & Jones, L. L. (2009). Executive functions after age 5: Changes and correlates. Developmental Review, 29, 180–200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2009.05.002
Borrani, J., Frías, M., Ortiz, X., García, A., & Valdez, P. (2015). Analysis of cognitive inhibition and flexibility in juvenile delinquents. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 26(1), 60–77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2014.971852
Borrani, J., Frías, M., Alemán, B., García, A., Ramírez, C., & Valdez, P. (2019). Neuropsychological disorders in juvenile delinquents. Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia, 20(5), 244–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24875/RMN.19000064
Colins, O. F., Fanti, K. A., Salekin, R. T., & Andershed, H. (2017). Psychopathic personality in the general population: Differences and similarities across gender. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31(1), 49–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2016_30_237
Craig, S. G., Goulter, N., & Moretti, M. M. (2021). A systematic review of primary and secondary callous-unemotional traits and psychopathy variants in youth. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 24(1), 65–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-020-00329-x
Decety, J., Norman, G. J., Berntson, G. G., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2012). A neurobehavioral evolutionary perspective on the mechanisms underlying empathy. Progress in Neurobiology, 98, 38–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.001
Dhingra, K., & Boduszek, D. (2013). Psychopathy and criminal behaviour: A psychosocial research perspective. Journal of Criminal Psychology, 3(2), 83–107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JCP-06-2013-0014
Dodge, K. A. (2014). A social information processing model of social competence in children. In Cognitive perspectives on children’s social and behavioral development (pp. 85–134). Psychology Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315802343-7
Domes, G., Hollerbach, P., Vohs, K., Mokros, A., & Habermeyer, E. (2013). Emotional empathy and psychopathy in offenders: An experimental study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27(1), 67–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2013.27.1.67
Geerlings, Y., Asscher, J. J., Stams, G. J. J. M., & Assink, M. (2020). The association between psychopathy and delinquency in juveniles: A three-level meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 50, 101342. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2019.101342
Gray, J. R. (2004). Integration of emotion and cognitive control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 46–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00272.x
Gray, N. S., Weidacker, K., & Snowden, R. J. (2019). Psychopathy and impulsivity: The relationship of psychopathy to different aspects of UPPS-P impulsivity. Psychiatry Research, 272, 474–482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.155
Iria, C., Barbosa, F., & Paixão, R. (2012). The identification of negative emotions through a Go/No-Go task. European Psychologist, 17(4), 291–299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000101
Forth, A. E., & Book, A. S. (2010). Psychopathic traits in children and adolescents: The relationship with antisocial behaviors and aggression. In R. T. Salekin & D. R. Lynam (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent psychopathy (pp. 251–283). Guilford Press.
Fournier, L. F., McDonald, J. B., Clayson, P. E., & Verona, E. (2021). Psychopathic traits, inhibition, and positive and negative emotion: Results from an emotional Go/No-Go task. Psychophysiology, 58(6), e13815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13815
Frick, P. J. (1998). Conduct disorders and severe antisocial behavior. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5343-4
Frick, P. J., Cornell, A. H., Barry, C. T., Bodin, S. D., & Dane, H. E. (2003). Callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in the prediction of conduct problem severity, aggression, and self-report of delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31, 457–470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023899703866
Gao, Y., & Raine, A. (2024). Primary and secondary variants of callous-unemotional traits in community youths: Differences in anticipatory fear. Children, 11(3), 359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children11030359
Gonzalez-Gadea, M. L., Herrera, E., Parra, M., Gomez Mendez, P., Baez, S., Manes, F., & Ibanez, A. (2014). Emotion recognition and cognitive empathy deficits in adolescent offenders revealed by context-sensitive tasks. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00850
Gutiérrez-Cobo, M. J., Cabello, R., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2016). The relationship between emotional intelligence and cool and hot cognitive processes: A systematic review. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 10, 101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00101
Hayes, J., & O’Reilly, G. (2013). Psychiatric disorder, IQ, and emotional intelligence among adolescent detainees: A comparative study. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 18(1), 30–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8333.2011.02027.x
Hare, R. D. (1980). A research scale for the assessment of psychopathy in criminal populations. Personality and Individual Differences, 1(2), 111–119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(80)90028-8
Hare, R. D. (2003). Manual for the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (2nd ed.). Multi-Health Systems.
Hare, R. D., León-Mayer, E., Salinas, J. R., Folino, J., & Neumann, C. S. (2022). Psychopathy and crimes against humanity: A conceptual and empirical examination of human rights violators. Journal of Criminal Justice, 81, 101901. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101901
Essau, C. A., Sasagawa, S., & Frick, P. J. (2006). Callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of adolescents. Assessment, 13(4), 454–469. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191106287354
Jones, A. P., Happé, F. G., Gilbert, F., Burnett, S., & Viding, E. (2010). Feeling, caring, knowing: Different types of empathy deficit in boys with psychopathic tendencies and autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(11), 1188–1197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02280.x
Jovanić, G., Nestorović, J., & Petrović, V. (2019). Komparacija rizika i recidivizma osuđenih na kaznu zatvora i kućnog zatvora. Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija, 18(3), 273–298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/specedreh18-23037
Kandel, E., & Freed, D. (1989). Frontal-lobe dysfunction and antisocial behavior: A review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45(3), 404–413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198905)45:3<404::AID-JCLP2270450309>3.0.CO;2-G
Kou, H., Luo, W., Li, X., Yang, Y., Xiong, M., Shao, B., Xie, Q., & Bi, T. (2022). Cognitive deficits for facial emotions among male adolescent delinquents with conduct disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.937754
Lance, J. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence and adolescent behavior (Master’s thesis, Utah State University).
LeMarquand, D., Tremblay, R. E., & Vitaro, F. (2001). The prevention of conduct disorder: A review of successful and unsuccessful experiments. In J. Hill & B. Maughan (Eds.), Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence (pp. 449–478). Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511543852.017
Li, F., Li, X., & Kou, H. (2023). Emotional recognition training enhances attention to emotional stimuli among male juvenile delinquents. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 575–586. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S403512
Lynam, D. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2007). Longitudinal evidence that psychopathy scores in early adolescence predict adult psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116(1), 155–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.116.1.155
Mairon, N., Abramson, L., Knafo-Noam, A., Perry, A., & Nahum, M. (2023). The relationship between empathy and executive functions among young adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 59(11), 2021–2036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001639
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3–34). Basic Books.
Milojević, S., Dimitrijević, A. A., Marjanović, Z. J., & Dimitrijević, A. (2016). Bad past, gloomy future: The trait emotional intelligence profile of juvenile offenders. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 295–298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.040
Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674–701. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674
Newman, J. P., Curtin, J. J., Bertsch, J. D., & Baskin-Sommers, A. R. (2010). Attention moderates the fearlessness of psychopathic offenders. Biological Psychiatry, 67(1), 66–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.035
Nisar, M., Ullah, S., Ali, M., & Alam, S. (2015). Juvenile delinquency: The influence of family, peer and economic factors on juvenile delinquents. Applied Science Reports, 9(1), 37–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15192/PSCP.ASR.2015.9.1.3748
Pang, C., Li, W., Zhou, Y., Gao, T., & Han, S. (2023). Are women more empathetic than men? Questionnaire and EEG estimations of sex/gender differences in empathic ability. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 18(1), nsad008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsad008
Pardini, D. A., Lochman, J. E., & Powell, N. (2007). The development of callous-unemotional traits and antisocial behavior in children: Are there shared and/or unique predictors? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36(3), 319–333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410701444215
Pihet, S., Combremont, M., Suter, M., & Stephan, P. (2012). Cognitive and emotional deficits associated with minor and serious delinquency in high-risk adolescents. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 19(3), 427–438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2011.598634
Rueckert, L., & Naybar, N. (2008). Gender differences in empathy: The role of the right hemisphere. Brain and Cognition, 67, 162–167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2008.01.002
Sato, W., Uono, S., Matsuura, N., & Toichi, M. (2009). Misrecognition of facial expressions in delinquents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 3(1), 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-3-27
Smit, P., & Harrendorf, S. (2010). Responses of the criminal justice system. HEUNI.
Smyth, B. P., Kelly, A., & Cox, G. (2011). Decline in age of drinking onset in Ireland, gender and per capita alcohol consumption. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 46(4), 478–484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agr047
Spruit, A., Schalkwijk, F., Van Vugt, E., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2016). The relation between self-conscious emotions and delinquency: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 28, 12–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2016.03.009
Sumithra, M. M., & Komalavalli, S. (2022). An analysis on emotional intelligence and mental health of juvenile delinquents. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 3575–3580.
Thomas, L. A., De Bellis, M. D., Graham, R., & LaBar, K. S. (2007). Development of emotional facial recognition in late childhood and adolescence. Developmental Science, 10(5), 547–558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00614.x
Tittle, C. R., Ward, D. A., & Grasmick, H. G. (2003). Self-control and crime/deviance: Cognitive vs. behavioral measures. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19, 333–365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOQC.0000005439.45614.24
Türel, M. T., Arslan, H., & Çetinöz, E. (2024). Comparison of executive functions in offenders and non-offenders: A meta-analysis. OPUS Journal of Society Research, 21(1), 44–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1400525
Office of Justice Programs. (2001). Individual risk and protective factors. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Child delinquents: Development, intervention, and service needs (pp. 137–164). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452229089.n7
Ullman, R., Lereya, S. T., Glendinnin, F., Deighton, J., Labno, A., Liverpool, S., & Edbrooke-Childs, J. (2024). Constructs associated with youth crime and violence amongst 6–18 year olds: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 75, 101906. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2023.101906
Wan, Y. T. Y. (2012). Cognitive and emotional determinants of delinquent behaviour (Graduation thesis, City University of Hong Kong).
Wolf, R. C., Warren, C. M., Carpenter, R. W., Zeier, J. D., Baskin-Sommers, A. R., & Newman, J. P. (2012). Reduced susceptibility to the attentional blink in psychopathic offenders: Implications for the attention bottleneck hypothesis. Neuropsychology, 26(1), 102–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026000
##submission.downloads##
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Broj časopisa
Sekcija
Licenca
Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno 4.0 Internacionalna licenca.
Autori zadržavaju autorska prava nad objavljenim radovima i daju izdavaču neeskluzivno pravo da objavi članak, da bude naveden kao njegov prvi izdavač u slučaju ponovne upotrebe i da ga distribuira u svim oblicima i medijima. Članci će biti distribuirani pod licencom Creative Commons Attribution International (CC BY 4.0), osim ako nije drugačije naznačeno.
