Mere javnog nadzora u službi prevencije kriminala
Ključne reči:
prevencija, kriminal, javni nadzor, CCTV, ulično osvetljenjeApstrakt
Prevencija kriminala putem nadziranja javnog prostora temelji se na situacionom pristupu, jednom od četiri dominantna koncepta u prevenciji kriminala (Тonry, Farrington, 1995). Situacioni pristup se sastoji u identifikovanju, promeni i kontrolisanju faktora koji deluju u situaciji u kojoj se ispoljava kriminalno ponašanje (Cornish, Clarke, 2003). Posredno, efekat na prevenciju kriminala ostvaruje se jačanjem neformalne socijalne kontrole i kohezije zajednice u kojoj se javni nadzor vrši.
Cilj rada je da pruži pregled preventivnih mera koje se primenjuju u javnom prostoru, odnosno na trgovima, parkovima, ulicama, javnim zgradama, školama, univerzitetima, javnom prevozu i slično, uz detaljan opis načina na koje one mogu uticati na smanjenje kriminala. Biće istaknute prednosti i nedostaci primene intervencija zasnovanih na politici nadzora u javnom prostoru. Nadzor nad javnim prostorom možemo podeliti na formalni, prirodni i sekundarni nadzor (od strane zaposlenih) (Cornish, Clarke, 2003).
U drugom delu rada biće prikazano više sistematskih analiza evaluacionih studija koje su imale za cilj utvrđivanje uspešnosti mera javnog spektra kao što su CCTV, ulično osvetljenje, fizičko obezbeđenje, sekundarno obezbeđenje i odbrambeni dizajn prostora. Na osnovu rezultata relevantnih studija, biće predočeni podaci o generalnoj efektivnosti mera, kao i o njihovoj uspešnosti u odnosu na vrstu krivičnih dela i uslove prmene. Preporuke za implementaciju javnog nadzora koje su date u završnom delu rada zasnovane su na empirijskim dokazima, odnosno na rezultatima studija o proceni uspešnosti konkretnih mera.
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