Bazična struktura ličnosti i psihopatija: Doprinos dezintegracije

Janko Međedović

doi:10.47152/ziksi2010012128

Autori

Janko Međedović Institut za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja, Beograd, Srbija

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47152/ziksi2010012128

Ključne reči:

Velikih pet, Dezintegracija, psihopatija, delinkvencija

Apstrakt

Brojna su istraživanja koja pokušavaju da otkriju asocijacije između psihopatije i crta ličnosti iz modela Velikih pet. Međutim, empirijski nalazi o relacijama između psihopatije i šizotipije su veoma retki i ne pružaju jasnu sliku o odnosima ovih personalnih dispozicija. U ovom istraživanju pokušali smo da ispitamo povezanosti između Velikih pet, Dezintegracije, kao konstrukta koji ispituje pro-psihotične crte ličnosti i samoprocenjene psihopatije u uzorku adolescenata koji se nalaze na izdržavanju vaspitno-popravne mere.

Istaživanje je izvršeno u Vaspitno-popravnom domu u Kruševcu i u njemu je učestvovalo 78 ispitanika od kojih je 64 na zadovoljavajući način popunilo protokole. Prosečni uzrast ispitanika je bio 18.65 godina, sa standardnom devijacijom od 1.69. Za ispitivanje crta ličnosti iz modela Velikih pet upotrebljen je upitnik BFI, Dezintegracija je merena pomoću instrumenta DELTA 10 a psihopatija pomoću upitnika SRP3.

Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju sistematske značajne pozitivne korelacije Ekstaverzije i negativne korelacije faktora Saradljivosti sa merama psihopatije. Neuroticizam značajno pozitivno korelira jedino sa aspektom psihopatije nazvanim Neobuzdani životni stil. Generalni faktor Dezintegracije pozitivno korelira sa svim merama psihopatije. Većina modaliteta ovog faktora takođe ostvaruje pozitivne povezanosti sa psihopatskim crtama, ali su jedino korelacije Maničnosti, Paranoičnosti i Zaravnjenog afekta značajne na svim aspektima psihopatije. Hijerarhijska linearna regresija ipak jasno ističe prednost crta iz modela Velikih pet nad modalitetima Dezintegracije, kada je u pitanju predikcija psihopatije. Takođe, regresijom "unazad" identifikovani su značajni pojedinačni prediktori od kojih se posebno ističe faktor Saradljivosti, čija je uloga u predikciji stabilna po svim aspektima psihopatije kao kriterijumskim varijablama. Kanoničke korelacione analize potvrdile su ulogu Saradljivosti i Ekstraverzije iz prostora Velikih Pet i Paranoičnosti, Maničnosti i Generalne egzekutivne disfunkcije iz prostora Dezintegracije kao prediktora psihopatskih crta. I najzad, eksploratorna analiza glavnih komponenti izvršena u zajedničkom prostoru sva tri ispitivana konstrukta izolovala je tri putanje pomoću kojih je moguće povezati psihopatiju i bazičnu strukturu ličnosti. Prvu komponentu koja opisuje ove odnose definišu Saradljivost i Zaravnjeni afekat, zajedno sa svim merama psihopatije. Drugu komponentu u najvećoj meri čine Paranoičnost i Maničnost, i u manjoj meri Ekstraverzija, dok Neuroticizam i Savesnost poseduju negativna zasićenja na njoj. Jedini aspekat psihopatije koji zasićuje ovu komponentu je Interpersonalna manipulacija. I najzad, treća komponenta opisana je Neuroticizmom, Generalnom egzekutivnom disfunkcijom i negativnim zasićenjem Socijalne anhedonije, zajedno sa Neobuzdanim životnim stilom kao psihopatskom crtom. Sve izvršene analize rezultirale su u međusobno kongruentnim podacima i daju preciznu sliku o vezama između psihopatije i bazične strukture ličnosti, na uzorku delinkvenata u adolescenciji.

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