Rasijalističko tumačenje „Kriminaliteta Roma“ Čezara Lombroza

Andrej Kubiček

doi:10.47152/ziksi2022037

Authors

Andrej Kubiček Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47152/ziksi2022037

Keywords:

Cesare Lombroso, Roma crime, racism, antigypsyism, sociology of science

Abstract

Prejudices about Roma and their ancestors as delinquents are still present in various genres of racist narratives, from everyday speech, through media reports, to political performances. Reading several works of the founder of criminology, Cesare Lombroso, reveals that an elaborate antigypsyist discourse was also present in scientific literature in the past. The analysis of this specific form of racism shows a wider ideological framework in which the fantasies about the Roma were shaped – as a dark reflection of the progress of the 19th century and the rise of the bourgeois class. The comparison of Lombroso's view of "Jewish" and "Gypsy" crime is of particular value, since it indicates the different genesis of the stigmas of these ethnic communities. An important segment of the work includes the analysis of the sources used by the Italian criminologist. The persistence of the content reproduced by this author points to the long-term influence of the social processes that shape them, regardless of the sources of ideological legitimization. The positivist phase of biological justification of such beliefs is only one segment of the history of Roma stigmatization.

References

Berkowitz, M. (2012). A hidden theme of Jewish self-love? Eric Hobsbawm, Karl Marx and Cesare Lombroso on “Jewish criminality”. In P. Knepper & P. Ystehede (Eds.), The Cesare Lombroso handbook. Routledge.

Cole, S. A., & Campbell, M. C. (2012). From subhumans to superhumans: Criminals in the evolutionary hierarchy, or what became of Lombroso’s atavistic criminals? In P. Knepper & P. Ystehede (Eds.), The Cesare Lombroso handbook. Routledge.

Colocci, A. (1889). Gli zingari: Storia d'un popolo errante. Loescher.

Çelik, F. (2018). Many faces of the “Gypsy” in early modern Ottoman discourse. In H. Karateke, E. Çıpa, & H. Anetshofer (Eds.), Disliking others: Loathing, hostility, and distrust in premodern Ottoman lands. Academic Studies Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv209xmps.14

Di Nola, A. M. (2008). Đavo. Clio.

End, M. (2012). History of antigypsyism in Europe: The social causes. In H. Kyuchukov (Ed.), New faces of antigypsyism in modern Europe (pp. 7–15). Slovo.

Elijas, N. (2001). Proces civilizacije: Sociogenetička i psihogenetička istraživanja. Izdavačka knjižnica Zorana Stojanovića.

Grellman, H. M. G. (1807). Dissertation on the gipseys: Representing their manner of life, family economy, with an historical enquiry concerning their origin & first appearance in Europe. William Ballintine.

Hecht, J. M. (2013). The end of the soul: Scientific modernity, atheism, and anthropology in France. Columbia University Press.

Ignjatović, Đ. (2008). Kriminologija. Pravni fakultet.

Ignjatović, Đ. (2009). Teorije u kriminologiji. Pravni fakultet.

Knepper, P., & Ystehede, P. J. (Eds.). (2012). The Cesare Lombroso handbook. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203083369

Kolodi, K. (2005). Pinokio. Zavod za udžbenike.

Kubiček, A. (2017). Migration of “pariah people”: The case study of Roma in the Balkans. In M. Bobić & S. Janković (Eds.), Towards understanding of contemporary migration (pp. 199–220). Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade.

Kubiček, A. (2021). Anticiganistički pogrom u selu Jabuka. In J. Bakić (Ed.), Istraživanja nacionalizma u Srbiji početkom 21. veka: Radovi mlađe generacije sociologa. ISI.

Kurella, H. (2021). Cesare Lombroso: A modern man of science. Rebman Company.

Lewy, G. (2000). The Nazi persecution of the gypsies. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125566.001.0001

Liszt, F. (2021). The gypsy in music. Creative Media Partners.

Lombroso, C. (1890). Illustrative studies in criminal anthropology. The Monist, 1(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5840/monist18911233

Lombroso, C. (1911a). Crime: Its causes and remedies. Little, Brown, and Company.

Lombroso, C. (1911b). Criminal man, according to the classification of Cesare Lombroso. G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

Lucassen, L., & Willems, W. (2003). The weakness of well-ordered societies: Gypsies in Western Europe, the Ottoman Empire and India 1400–1914. Review, 26(3), 283–313.

Lucassen, L. (1998). “Harmful tramps”: Police professionalization and gypsies in Germany, 1700–1945. In L. Lucassen, A. Cottar, & W. Willems (Eds.), Gypsies and other itinerant groups: A socio-historical approach. Centre for the History of Migrations. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26341-7_5

Montaldo, S. (2018). Lombroso: The myth, the history. Crime, History & Societies, 22(2), 31–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/chs.2283

Mos, Dž. L. (2005). Istorija rasizma u Evropi. Službeni glasnik.

Mujić, M. (1953). Položaj Cigana u jugoslovenskim zemljama pod osmanlijskom vlašću. Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju i istoriju jugoslovenskih naroda pod turskom vladavinom. Orijentalni institut u Sarajevu.

Okely, J. (1983). The traveller-gypsies. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511621789

Soulis, G. (1961). The gypsies in the Byzantine Empire and the Balkans in the late Middle Ages. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 15, 141–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1291178

Tumminelli, M. G. (2016). The anti-Gypsy legislation of the Duchy of Milan in the early modern age. In H. Kyuchukov, E. Marushiakova, & V. Popov (Eds.), Roma: Past, present, future (pp. 6–23). Lincom Academic Publishers.