Criminal Law Protection of the Environment in the European Union
Keywords:
environment, environmental protection, criminal law, European Union, acquisAbstract
Over the past several decades, a growing concern for environmental problems among experts, stakeholders, law and public policy-makers, as well as the general public, has encouraged the development of a large and comprehensive legislative framework at the level of the European Union, regulating various ecological issues in the European Union. The risks of environmental pollution and the awareness of the need to provide for efficient, adequate and universal protection of the environment in all European Union member states have led to the adoption of Directive 2008/99/EC on the protection of the environment through criminal law (Official Journal of the European Union, No. 328, 6.12.2008). The aim of this paper is to analyse the key provisions of this legal instrument, the means of its implementation in national legislations, as well as the mechanisms for its effective application. Moreover, the conditions that have to be met in order to facilitate the successful transposition of this Directive's provisions through the alterations of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia are also analysed.
References
Amended proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of the environment through criminal law (2003/C 20 E/26) COM(2002) 544 final — 2001/0076(COD). (2003). Official Journal of the European Communities, C 20 E/284.
Batrićević, A. (2013). Zaštita životinja u međunarodnom pravu. Institut za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja.
C-440/05 Commission v Council. (n.d.).
Čavoški, A. (2007). Osnovi ekološkog prava Evropske unije. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta Union i Javno preduzeće „Službeni glasnik“.
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. (2000). Official Journal of the European Communities, C 364/1.
Clarkson, C. (2005). Understanding criminal law. Sweet & Maxwell.
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on implementing European Community environmental law (COM(2008) 773 final). (2008).
Convention on the protection of the environment through criminal law. (1998). Council of Europe, European Treaty Series No. 172.
Council conclusions on model provisions guiding the Council’s criminal law deliberations (2979th Justice and Home Affairs Council meeting). (2009).
Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds. (1979). Official Journal of the European Communities, L 103/1.
Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. (1992). Official Journal of the European Communities, L 206.
Council Framework Decision 2003/80/JHA of 27 January 2003 on the protection of the environment through criminal law. (2003). Official Journal of the European Union, L 29/55.
Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia. (2005/2009/2012/2013/2014/2016). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Directive (EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism. (2017). Official Journal of the European Union, L 88/6.
Directive 2008/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on the protection of the environment through criminal law. (2008). Official Journal of the European Union, 328.
Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds. (2010). Official Journal of the European Union, L 20/7.
Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims. (2011). Official Journal of the European Union, L 101/1.
Environmental Crime Network. (2016). Report on environmental crime. Environmental Crime Network.
European Commission. (n.d.). Environmental crime.
Eurojust. (2014). Strategic project on environmental crime report. Eurojust.
Framework decision on counterfeiting non-cash instruments. (2001). Official Journal of the European Communities, L 149/1.
Initiative of the Kingdom of Denmark with a view to adopting a Council framework decision on combating serious environmental crime. (2000). Official Journal of the European Communities, C 39/4.
Jaconelli, J. (2017). Incitement: A study in language crime. Criminal Law and Philosophy, 1–21.
Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 23 October 2007 in Case C-440/05. (2007).
Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 13 September 2005. Commission of the European Communities v Council of the European Union (Case C-176/03). (2005). European Court Reports, I-07879.
Law on agricultural land. (2006/2008/2009/2015/2017). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on agriculture and rural development. (2009/2013/2016). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on air protection. (2009/2013). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on animal husbandry. (2009/2012).
Law on animal welfare. (2009). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on environmental impact assessment. (2004/2009). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on environmental protection. (2004/2009/2009/2009/2011/2016). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on forests. (2010/2012/2015). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on game and hunting. (2010). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on genetically modified organisms. (2009). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on integrated prevention and control of environmental pollution. (2004/2015).
Law on national parks. (1993/1993/1993/1993/1994/2005/2009). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on national parks. (2015). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on nature protection. (2009/2010/2010/2016). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on strategic assessment of environmental impact. (2004/2010). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on the protection and sustainable use of fish population. (2014). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on the protection from noise in the environment. (2009/2010). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on waste management. (2009/2010/2016). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Law on waters. (2010/2012/2016). Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia.
Ligeti, K., & Marletta, A. (2017). Smart enforcement strategies to counter environmental crime in the EU. In J. L. De La Cuesta, L. Quackelbeen, N. Persak, & G. Vermeulen (Eds.), The protection of the environment through criminal law (pp. 133–150). Maklu.
National programme for the adoption of the European Union acquis (2nd rev. ed.). (2016). Office for European Integrations.
Pereira, R. (2015). Environmental criminal liability and enforcement in European and international law. Brill.
Policy and Legal Advice Centre. (2014). Guidelines on implementation of EC environmental crimes directive. PLAC.
Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of the environment through criminal law (2001/C 180 E/20) COM(2001) 139 final — 2001/0076(COD). (2001). Official Journal of the European Communities, C 180 E/238.
Status and plans of transposition and implementation of the acquis for Chapter 27 – Environment and climate changes. (n.d.).
Stojanović, Z. (2017). Komentar Krivičnog zakonika. Službeni glasnik.
The Single European Act. (1987). Official Journal of the European Communities, L 169/1.
Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (consolidated version). (2012). Official Journal of the European Union, C 327/1.
Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts. (1997). Official Journal of the European Communities, C 340.
Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community. (2007). Official Journal of the European Union, C 306/2.
Treaty on European Union. (1992). Official Journal of the European Communities, C 191.
Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (consolidated version). (2012). Official Journal of the European Union, C 326/47.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright over their published works and grant the publisher a non-exclusive right to publish the article, to be identified as its first publisher in cases of reuse, and to distribute it in all forms and media. The articles will be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
