Društvene determinante korišćenja zdravstvenih usluga u Srbiji: Obraćanje lekaru opšte prakse i lekaru specijalisti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47152/ziksi2026014Ključne reči:
korišćenje zdravstvenih usluga, primarna i specijalistička zdravstvena zaštita, društvene determinante zdravlja, klasni položaj, Srbija, Evropsko društveno istraživanjeApstrakt
Korišćenje zdravstvenih usluga i pristup zdravstvenoj zaštiti oblikovani su nizom društvenih i strukturnih faktora. Dosadašnja istraživanja pokazala su da socioekonomski položaj, demografske karakteristike i zdravstveno stanje mogu uticati na obrasce korišćenja zdravstvenih usluga. Međutim, ovi obrasci mogu se razlikovati u zavisnosti od institucionalnog i socijalnopolitičkog konteksta. Cilj rada je da ispita prediktore korišćenja zdravstvenih usluga u Srbiji, sa posebnim fokusom na ulogu društvene klase. Analiza je zasnovana na podacima Evropskog društvenog istraživanja (European Social Survey, runda 11), a za ispitivanje povezanosti između korišćenja zdravstvenih usluga i skupa prediktora primenjeni su logistički regresioni modeli. U modele su uključene sledeće varijable: klasni položaj, pol, starost, obrazovanje, samoprocena zdravstvenog stanja, tip naselja i procena stanja zdravstvenih usluga. Klasni položaj se nije pokazao kao statistički značajan prediktor poseta lekaru opšte prakse, ali je bio značajno povezan sa verovatnoćom odlaska kod lekara specijaliste. Pol i samoprocena zdravstvenog stanja pokazali su se kao značajni prediktori u oba modela, pri čemu su žene i ispitanici koji su svoje zdravlje ocenili lošijim imali veću verovatnoću korišćenja zdravstvenih usluga. Starost i obrazovanje bili su povezani sa posetama lekaru opšte prakse, ali se nisu pokazali kao značajni prediktori specijalističkih pregleda. Rezultati takođe ukazuju na to da su nejednakosti u korišćenju zdravstvenih usluga snažnije povezane sa društvenom klasom nego sa prostornim razlikama. Nalazi istraživanja ukazuju na to da su društvene nejednakosti u korišćenju zdravstvenih usluga u Srbiji izraženije u pristupu specijalističkoj nego primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti. Ovi obrasci mogu se razumeti u širem kontekstu zdravstvenog i socijalnog sistema Srbije, u kome institucionalna ograničenja i neformalne prakse mogu uticati na pristup specijalističkim uslugama.
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