Violent Crime as Urban Security Problem

Authors

Keywords:

violent crime, urban violent crime, security in the city, urban security

Abstract

Contemporary cities represent areas of significant contradictions. On the one hand, they are a source of prosperity, innovation and opportunities, and on the other stages of various security problems. One of the most frequently and traditionally studied security problems in cities is violent crime in the urban environment. Bearing in mind the importance of violent crime in the study of urban security, we will try to give holistic insights into this security problem in urban areas. First, the basic manifestations of violent crime, as well as various theoretical explanations of its causes, are presented. Secondly, some of the theoretical assumptions about urban violent crime are addressed. Thirdly, some synthetic insights about the characteristics and specifics of violent crime as a problem of urban security are provided. In the end, it is important to summarize the consequences that urban violent crime has on the life and well-being of individuals and families, the quality of neighborhood and local communities, as well as on urban governance.

References

Allen, C. (2005). The links between heroin, crack cocaine and crime: Where does street crime fit in? British Journal of Criminology, 45(3), 355–372.

Amen, A., Toly, N., McCarney, P., & Segbers, K. (Eds.). (2011). Cities and global governance: New sites for international relations. Ashgate.

Archer, D., & Gartner, R. (1976). Violent acts and violent times: A comparative approach to postwar homicide rates. American Sociological Review, 41(6), 937–963.

Beall, J., Crankshaw, O., & Parnell, S. (2002). Untying a divided city: Governance and social exclusion in Johannesburg. Earthscan.

Bjerregaard, B., & Lizotte, A. J. (1995). Gun ownership and gang membership. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 86(1), 37–58.

Brennan, E. M. (1999). Population, urbanization, environment, and security: A summary of the issues. Environmental Change and Security Project Report (Issue 5). The Woodrow Wilson Center.

Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., Allman, C. J., Moritz, G. M., Wartella, M. E., & Zelenak, J. P. (1991). The presence and accessibility of firearms in the homes of adolescent suicides: A case-control study. JAMA, 266(21), 2989–2995.

Briggs, S. (2011). Criminology for dummies. John Wiley & Sons.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1988). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(5), 13–31.

Brown, S. E., Esbensen, F. A., & Geis, G. (2012). Criminology: Explaining crime and its context. Routledge.

Caldeira, T. P. (2000). City of walls: Crime, segregation, and citizenship in São Paulo. University of California Press.

Capaldi, D. M., & Patterson, G. R. (1996). Can violent offenders be distinguished from frequent offenders: Prediction from childhood to adolescence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33(2), 206–231.

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2017). Crime in the United States 2017. U.S. Government Printing Office.

Davis, D. (2007). Urban violence, quality of life, and the future of Latin American cities. In A. Garland, M. Massoumi, & B. Ruble (Eds.), Global urban poverty: Setting the agenda (pp. 57–87). Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

Deptula, D. P., & Cohen, R. (2004). Aggressive, rejected, and delinquent children and adolescents: A comparison of their friendships. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9(1), 75–104.

Fajnzylber, P., Lederman, D., & Loayza, N. (2002). Inequality and violent crime. Journal of Law and Economics, 45(1), 1–39.

Farooque, R. S., Stout, R. G., & Ernst, F. A. (2005). Heterosexual intimate partner homicide: Review of ten years of clinical experience. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50(3), 1–4.

Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2003). How can the relationship between race and violence be explained? In D. F. Hawkins (Ed.), Violent crimes: Assessing race and ethnic differences (pp. 213–237). Cambridge University Press.

Freud, S. (1922). Beyond the pleasure principle. Inter-Psychoanalytic Press.

Glaeser, E., & Sacerdote, B. (1996). Why is there more crime in cities? (NBER Working Paper No. W5430). National Bureau of Economic Research.

United Nations Centre for Human Settlements. (1998). Habitat debate.

Hagedorn, J. (2004). Variations in urban homicide: Chicago, New York City and global urban policy.

Hensley, C., & Tallichet, S. E. (2009). Childhood and adolescent animal cruelty methods and their possible link to adult violent crimes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24(1), 147–158.

Herrenkohl, T. I., Huang, B., Tajima, E. A., & Whitney, S. D. (2003). Examining the link between child abuse and youth violence: An analysis of mediating mechanisms. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(10), 1189–1208.

Holtzworth-Munroe, A., & Stuart, G. L. (1994). Typologies of male batterers: Three subtypes and the differences among them. Psychological Bulletin, 116(3), 476–497.

Howell, J. C. (1999). Youth gang homicides: A literature review. Crime & Delinquency, 45(2), 208–241.

Ivanović, M. (2010). Narkomanija i nasilnički kriminalitet: Osnovne pretpostavke. In L. Kron (Ed.), Nasilnički kriminal: Etiologija, fenomenologija, prevencija (pp. 339–346). Institut za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja.

Jacobs, J. (1969). The economy of cities. Random House.

Jütersonke, O., Muggah, R., & Rodgers, D. (2009). Gangs, urban violence, and security interventions in Central America. Security Dialogue, 40(4–5), 373–397.

Kane, R. J. (2005). Compromised police legitimacy as a predictor of violent crime in structurally disadvantaged communities. Criminology, 43(2), 469–498.

Kaufman, J. M. (2005). Explaining the race/ethnicity–violence relationship: Neighborhood context and social psychological processes. Justice Quarterly, 22(2), 224–251.

Koonings, K., & Kruijt, D. (Eds.). (2007). Fractured cities: Social exclusion, urban violence and contested spaces in Latin America. Zed Books.

Kubrin, C. E., & Weitzer, R. (2003). Retaliatory homicide: Concentrated disadvantage and neighborhood culture. Social Problems, 50(2), 157–180.

Lattimore, P. K., Visher, C. A., & Linster, R. L. (1995). Predicting rearrest for violence among serious youthful offenders. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 32(1), 54–83.

Lemanski, C. (2004). A new apartheid? The spatial implications of fear of crime in Cape Town, South Africa. Environment and Urbanization, 16(2), 101–112.

Lewis, D. O., Moy, E., Jackson, L. D., Aaronson, R., Restifo, N., Serra, S., & Simos, A. (1985). Biopsychosocial characteristics of children who later murder: A prospective study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142(10), 1161–1167.

Lewis, D. O. (1998). Guilty by reason of insanity. Fawcett Columbine.

Livaditis, M. D., Esagian, G. S., Kakoulidis, C. P., Samakouri, M. A., & Tzavaras, N. A. (2005). Matricide by person with bipolar disorder and dependent overcompliant personality. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 50(3), 1–4.

Luckenbill, D. F., & Doyle, D. P. (1989). Structural position and violence: Developing a cultural explanation. Criminology, 27(3), 419–436.

McIlwaine, C., & Moser, C. O. (2001). Violence and social capital in urban poor communities: Perspectives from Colombia and Guatemala. Journal of International Development, 13(7), 965–984.

Messner, S. F., Deane, G. D., Anselin, L., & Pearson-Nelson, B. (2005). Locating the vanguard in rising and falling homicide rates across US cities. Criminology, 43(3), 661–696.

Morenoff, J. D., Sampson, R. J., & Raudenbush, S. W. (2001). Neighborhood inequality, collective efficacy, and the spatial dynamics of urban violence. Criminology, 39(3), 517–558.

Moser, C. O. (2004). Urban violence and insecurity: An introductory roadmap. Environment and Urbanization, 16(2), 1–16.

Mrug, S., Hoza, B., & Bukowski, W. M. (2004). Choosing or being chosen by aggressive–disruptive peers: Do they contribute to children's externalizing and internalizing problems? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(1), 53–65.

Muggah, R. (2012). Researching the urban dilemma: Urbanization, poverty and violence. International Development Research Centre.

Muggah, R. (2014). Deconstructing the fragile city: Exploring insecurity, violence and resilience. Environment and Urbanization, 26(2), 345–358.

Naudé, B., Prinsloo, J., & Ladikos, A. (2006). Experience of crime in thirteen countries: Results from the International Crime Victimisation Survey. UNICRI-UNODC.

Neapolitan, J. L. (1999). A comparative analysis of nations with low and high levels of violent crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 27(3), 259–274.

Neller, D. J., Denney, R. L., Pietz, C. A., & Thomlinson, R. P. (2005). Testing the trauma model of violence. Journal of Family Violence, 20(3), 151–159.

Nielsen, A. L., Martinez, R., Jr., & Lee, M. T. (2005). Alcohol, ethnicity, and violence: The role of alcohol availability for Latino and Black aggravated assaults and robberies. The Sociological Quarterly, 46(3), 479–502.

Nikolić, Z. (2010). Agresivna ponašanja: Uzroci, posledice i mogućnosti suzbijanja. In L. Kron (Ed.), Nasilnički kriminal: Etiologija, fenomenologija, prevencija (pp. 21–33). Institut za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja.

Norton, R. J. (2003). Feral cities. Naval War College Review, 56(4), 97–106.

Raleigh, C., & Hegre, H. (2009). Population size, concentration, and civil war: A geographically disaggregated analysis. Political Geography, 28(4), 224–238.

Reading, R. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood: A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. Child: Care, Health and Development, 32(2), 253–256.

Moser, C. O., & McIlwaine, C. (2004). Encounters with violence in Latin America: Urban poor perceptions from Colombia and Guatemala. Routledge.

Moser, C. O., & Rodgers, D. (2005). Change, violence and insecurity in non-conflict situations (No. 245). Overseas Development Institute.

Roberts, A., & LaFree, G. (2004). Explaining Japan's postwar violent crime trends. Criminology, 42(1), 179–210.

Rodgers, D. (2010). Urban violence is not (necessarily) a way of life (Working Paper 2010/20). UN-WIDER.

Rogers, R., Salekin, R. T., Sewell, K. W., & Cruise, K. R. (2000). Prototypical analysis of antisocial personality disorder: A study of inmate samples. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27(2), 234–255.

Siegel, L. (2011). Criminology: The core. Wadsworth Publishing.

Simmel, G. (1950). The metropolis and mental life. In K. Wolff (Ed.), The sociology of Georg Simmel (pp. 409–426). Free Press. (Original work published 1903)

Simone, A. (2005). For the city yet to come: Changing African life in four cities. Duke University Press.

Špadijer-Džinić, J. (1988). Socijalna patologija. ZUNS.

Stewart, E. A., Simons, R. L., & Conger, R. D. (2002). Assessing neighborhood and social psychological influences on childhood violence in an African-American sample. Criminology, 40(4), 801–830.

Straus, M. A. (1991). Discipline and deviance: Physical punishment of children and violence and other crime in adulthood. Social Problems, 38(2), 133–154.

Svampa, M. (2001). Los que ganaron: La vida en los countries y barrios privados. Editorial Biblos.

Svampa, M. (2005). La sociedad excluyente: La Argentina bajo el signo del neoliberalismo. Taurus.

Tilly, C. (1985). War-making and state-making as organized crime. In P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, & T. Skocpol (Eds.), Bringing the state back in (pp. 169–191). Cambridge University Press.

Tilly, C. (1996). What good is urban history? Journal of Urban History, 22(6), 702–719.

UN-Habitat. (2012). Enhancing urban safety and security: Global report on human settlements 2007. Routledge.

United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS). (1996). An urbanizing world: Global report on human settlements. Oxford University Press.

van Dijk, J. (1998). Criminal victimisation: A global view. In Surveying crime: A global perspective – Proceedings of the international conference (pp. 63–93). ISTAT.

Vial, E. A., Junges, J. R., Olinto, M. T., Machado, P. S., & Pattussi, M. P. (2010). Urban violence and social capital in a southern Brazilian city: A quantitative and qualitative study. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 28(4), 289–297.

Whitzman, C. (2012). The handbook of community safety, gender and violence prevention: Practical planning tools. Routledge.

Wilcox, P., & Clayton, R. R. (2001). A multilevel analysis of school-based weapon possession. Justice Quarterly, 18(3), 509–541.

Winton, A. (2004). Urban violence: A guide to the literature. Environment and Urbanization, 16(2), 165–184.

Wirth, L. (1938). Urbanism as a way of life. American Journal of Sociology, 44(1), 1–24.

Wolfgang, M., & Ferracuti, F. (1967). The subculture of violence. Tavistock.

Downloads

Published

2019-12-23

How to Cite

Paraušić, A. (2019). Violent Crime as Urban Security Problem. Zbornik Instituta Za kriminološka I sociološka istraživanja, 38(3), 119–135. Retrieved from https://zbornik-iksi.rs/index.php/home/article/view/398

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

<< < 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.