Responsibility in International Criminal Law
Keywords:
International Criminal Law, Criminal Offence, Responsibility, Command Responsibility, Joint Criminal, Venture, PunishmentAbstract
In the field of international criminal law, as the youngest branch of criminal law, there are two fundamental terms: criminal offence against international law and criminal sanction. The presumption for the application of criminal sanction against the person who has violated the provisions of international humanitarian law is the existence of his responsibility. This is the basic form of responsibility in international criminal law, which is based upon the perpetrator’s mental competence and premeditation as a form of guilt. But there are also two specific forms of responsibility for criminal offences against international law. The first specific form of this kind of responsibility is the so-called "command responsibility" of superiors with special political or military empowerment for criminal offences committed by their subordinates. This is an archaic form of responsibility, which is nowadays institutionalised through a series of international documents (the Statutes of the Hague Tribunal and Tribunal for Rwanda, the Statute of the International Court for Criminal Law) as well as through national legislation. Apart from this one, there is also a special form of responsibility called responsibility for a joint criminal venture, which is not explicitly prescribed by any international or national legal source. The authors of this paper discuss the definition and characteristics of basic and special forms of responsibility in international criminal law.
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